N

Myopia

Prevalence rate

Mean D

SD

F*

Age (y)

6 to 9

3107

452

14.55%

0.08

0.02

131.57

10 to 13

4120

1660

40.29%

−0.88

0.03

14 to 16

4547

2720

59.82%

−1.80

0.03

17 or more

3542

2384

67.31%

−1.97

0.06

Gender

Male

7434

3518

47.32%

−1.04

0.03

64.55

Female

7882

4326

54.88%

−1.33

0.02

Number of parent with myopia

0

9893

4647

46.97%

−1.83

0.62

84.39

1

3883

2234

57.53%

−1.19

0.02

2

1540

963

62.53%

−4.26

0.97

Father’s completed level of education

Primary education

425

177

41.65%

−0.86

0.09

29.04

Secondary education

3969

1792

45.15%

−0.86

0.04

Polytechnic education

4004

2044

51.05%

−1.18

0.03

Tertiary education

6644

3683

55.43%

−1.41

0.03

Reading or writing distance

Greater than 33 cm

1374

481

35.01%

−0.54

0.15

78.58

About 33 cm

7280

3505

48.15%

−1.06

0.02

Less than 33 cm

6556

3818

58.24%

−1.46

0.03

Hours of sports per day

30 min or less

3708

1947

52.51%

−1.19

0.04

8.19

30 min to 1 hour

6990

3657

52.32%

−1.27

0.03

1 hour or more

4448

2172

48.83%

−1.07

0.03

Hours of watching TV per day

1 hour or less

6471

3472

53.65%

−1.29

0.03

9.4

1 to 2 hours

5741

2827

49.24%

−1.14

0.03

2 hours or more

3009

1502

49.92%

−1.06

0.05

Hours of studying per day

6 hours or less

2085

1406

67.43%

−0.71

0.03

113.79

6 to 8 hours

3265

2013

61.65%

−0.99

0.03

8 to10 hours

6457

3013

46.66%

−1.64

0.04

10 hours or more

3365

1349

40.09%

−1.89

0.05